gan

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prep., without. With acc. pl. gan bhú, 252, 255.

Poems on the O'Reillys. Editor: James Carney.

prep., without, sometimes asp., gan mhac, 1169; gan chodhnach, 6620; gan ghiall, 3064; but, gan gníomhughadh, 4055; gan forfhógra, 3837-43; originally gov. acc., hence, gan lámha, 58; gan luibhe, 1969; gan cúis gcneasta, 5142; it takes art. + noun in the form of the nom., as verbs do: gan an bás, 2703; often, gan...acht, ‘only,’ 1523, 3080, 6043, 9948. Used idiomatically before vn. as a negative; (a) vn. or vn. clause as logical subject: ionann an crapadh...7 gan...do fhromhadh, 1633; gurab comhartha ar bhás gan chluais do thabhairt, ‘that not to give ear is a sign of death,’ 1641; gurab dearbh leis gan é dá rochtain, 2052; 2703; gur haithneadh dhe gan buain ris an ubhall, 3557; nach raibhe ar breith dho gan teacht, 3836; dá dtig gan tearmann do bheith ag aon-duine, 5851; 6077, 6825, 7137, 8138, 9062;--(b) as logical object: is eadh iarras...gan a léigean, 1691; nár fhuiling gan a bhfosgladh, 3589; is eadh do-nídís...gan onóir adhnaicthe do thabhairt, 5727; go ndligheann gan a leas do chor ar ceal, 8074; dhligheas gan bheith feargach, 9349; and so constantly in noun-sentences: do fhógair...gan toradh do fhromhadh, ‘he ordered (them) not to eat the fruit,’ 7; do orduigh...gan chaoirigh...do ghabháil, 206; is eadh aitcheas...gan bheith ag seilg, 1620; múinidh an nádúir...gan ghiall, 3064; so after adeir, etc. 2940, 3583, 5077, 7229, 7383;--(c) vn. after prep. maille ré gan flaitheas Dé do thuilleamh dhó, ‘together with the non-meriting of heaven by him,’ 1466; maille ré gan é d’fhaigsin, 6387; tré gan a choimhéad féin, 2423; tré gan leanmhain do chomhairle Mh., 8101;--(d) vn. as quasi-genitive: d’easbaidh gan an creideamh do bheith aca, 4784 (where gan only emphasises the force of easbaidh);--(e) after beanaim, léigim, we have a peculiar use: léigeas de gan bheith ag smuaineadh, 209; léigfeamaoid dínn...gan teacht tharsa, ‘which we shall avoid treating of,’ 294; 3942; go mbeanann...gan íomháigh Dé do bheith, 1418; cf. bheith ar a choimhéad...gan na trí gnéithe laibhín...do léigean, 8986; nach saorann...gan bhás do thabhairt, ‘does not save him from death being inflicted on him’ 3490;--(f) in a nominal clause: ní headh amháin gan an bás do dhol, etc., ‘not only does it not injure the righteous,’ 2703;--(g) so especially after agus; the second of two co-ordinate clauses, when negative, is often introduced by agus gan with vn. (and in this case do bheith is constantly omitted):--na cuirp...atá ré hiomachor a n-anam, 7 gan iad [do bheith] cliste, 2069; ó dho bhí tuigse ag an duine...7 gan í anois aige, ‘since intelligence was once in man’s power, and is not now,’ 2909; cf. also after the relative, ar an naoidhin éagas, 7 gan í i ngeall a furtachta, for the infant that dies...and that is not in need of help,’ 4935; don tí chruinnigheas...7 gan acht buailteachas aige, 7142; aithrighe do-ní neach, 7 gan anmhain ’na bun, ‘repentance which a man makes, but in which he does not persevere,’ 9131; and after iar + vn; arna clos 7 gan a coimhéad, ‘when it has been heard but not observed,’ 1584; ar mbeith dhó ag triall...7 gan ’na fhochair acht aoin-chléireach amháin, ‘when he was travelling...with only a single cleric in his company,’ 3080

Trí Bior-Ghaoithe an Bháis: The Three Shafts of Death. Author: Geoffrey Keating. Editor: Osborn Bergin.